What is a quantum computer?

Nowadays most tech companies invest more time in building Quantum computers because these quantum computers are so fast and efficient as compared to classic and supercomputers.


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Quantum computer

In 2020 China claimed to have developed a quantum computer that is 100 Trillion times more efficient and faster than any supercomputer. For example, if you give the problem to a classic computer that selects a red queen from a deck of cards. The traditional computer takes more time as compared to the quantum computer .classic computer use trial and error method for all cards which means it checks all cards one by one to find the red queen but the quantum computer checks all cards simultaneously and picks the red queen very fast

How does a Quantum computer work?

Quantum computers are worked on the behavior of fundamental particles of quantum physics like electrons, protons, and neutrons. Normal computers or classical computers work based on the binary system. In the binary system, there are two digits “0” and “1” called binary bits. In a binary system, 0 means OFF and 1 means ON but Quantum computers are working based on Quantum bits also called Qubits. In a quantum computer, a qubit possesses 0 and 1 in the same instant of time this phenomenon is called quantum superposition in quantum physics.

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To understand quantum superposition let's take a coin and flip it up so it rotates in the air sometimes and stops when it touches the ground now observe the rotating coin in the air it spins in the air. we can’t tell if it is specifically head or tail because in the air it possesses both head and tail at the same time. We can’t say anything specific until it comes to rest similarly qubits also possess 0 and 1 at the same time this is called superposition.

The two or more qubits in superposition are always related to each other this property is called Entanglement, which means aspects of one qubit depending on the aspects of other qubits in entanglement. No matter how far they separate or what lies between them they are always related to each other.

Based on superposition and entanglement properties the quantum computer works so much fast and more accurately with significantly less amount of energy.

How much better is Quantum's computer?

Let’s say you want to crack a password with supercomputers or classic computers. They take so many years to crack that password because they check every individual possibility to crack the password but in the case of Quantum computers, they check all the ways of possibilities in an instant either they are a billion ways or more within minutes to crack that password. In 2019 Google created a 54 qubits quantum computer and its name is “Sycamore”. They claimed that by this sycamore they achieve quantum supremacy.


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Supercomputer

Quantum supremacy means when quantum computers do problems or tasks that classical computers can’t do then that describe as achieving quantum supremacy. Google also claimed that the sycamore quantum computer solves problems in 200 seconds and that the most popular supercomputer solves them in 10,000 years.

Where do we operate quantum computers?

Quantum computers work based on mobile particles. They can easily be disturbed by small vibrations(even the vibrations produces when you walk on the floor) and radiations so that the particles lose their quantum properties. So quantum computers are operated in unique conditions and maintained in cold temperatures at 0 degrees. They operate in darkness because even when exposed to light the radiation can disturb the particles.

Conclusion

 Quantum computers are revolutionary and recently IBM also creates a Quantum computer with 127 qubits and its name is Eagle. We can discover more things that are impossible to present generation computers.